The Fourth and final episode looks at how Islamic Mamluk forces from Egypt led by Sultan Baybars I, destroyed what remained of the Crusader states, with Acre the last Christian stronghold to fall, bringing about the demise of the whole movement. The series closes by considering what the lasting impact of the Crusades was on both Muslims and the Crusaders – the rise of the Ottoman Turks, the increased power of the Catholic Church and greater trade between Europe and Asia; and asks whether there was any ultimate connection, centuries later, between the Crusades and the Zionist movement.
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